Reasoning for Bank Exam (Part1)

ওয়েব স্কুল বিডি : সুপ্রিয় শিক্ষার্থী বন্ধুরা, শুভেচ্ছা নিয়ো। আজ তোমাদের Bank Recruitment Exam থেকে English ধারণা নিয়ে আলোচনা করা হলো

অনলাইন এক্সামের বিভাগসমূহ:
জে.এস.সি
এস.এস.সি
এইচ.এস.সি
সকল শ্রেণির সৃজনশীল প্রশ্ন (খুব শীঘ্রই আসছে)
বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ভর্তি (খুব শীঘ্রই আসছে)
বিসিএস প্রিলি টেষ্ট

Critical Reasoning for Bank Recruitment Exam (Part1)

1. In Los Angeles, a political candidate who buys saturation radio advertising will get maximum name recognition.

The statement above logically conveys which of the following?

1. Radio advertising is the most important factor in political campaigns in Los Angeles.
2. Maximum name recognition in Los Angeles will help a candidate to win a higher percentage of votes cast in the city.
3. Saturation radio advertising reaches every demographically distinct sector of the voting population of Los Angeles.
4. For maximum name recognition a candidate need not spend on media channels other than radio advertising.
5. A candidate's record of achievement in the Los Angeles area will do little to affect his or her name recognition there.

Answer : D

2. The rate of violent crime in this state is up 30 percent from last year. The fault lies entirely in our court system: Recently our judges' sentences have been so lenient that criminals can now do almost anything without fear of a long prison term.

The argument above would be weakened if it were true that

1. 85 percent of the other states in the nation have lower crime rates than does this state.
2. white collar crime in this state has also increased by over 25 percent in the last year.
3. 35 percent of the police in this state have been laid off in the last year due to budget cuts.
4. polls show that 65 percent of the population in this state oppose capital punishment.
5. the state has hired 25 new judges in the last year to compensate for deaths and retirements.

Answer : C

3. The increase in the number of newspaper articles exposed as fabrications serves to bolster the contention that publishers are more interested in boosting circulation than in printing the truth. Even minor publications have staffs to check such obvious fraud.

The argument above assumes that

1. newspaper stories exposed as fabrications are a recent phenomenon.
2. everything a newspaper prints must be factually verifiable.
3. fact checking is more comprehensive for minor publications than for major ones.
4. only recently have newspapers admitted to publishing intentionally fraudulent stories.
5. the publishers of newspapers are the people who decide what to print in their newspapers.

Answer : E

4. Time and again it has been shown that students who attend colleges with low faculty/student ratios get the most well-rounded education. As a result, when my children are ready to attend college, I'll be sure they attend a school with a very small student population.

Which of the following, if true, identifies the greatest flaw in the reasoning above?

1. A low faculty/student ratio is the effect of a well-rounded education, not its source.
2. Intelligence should be considered the result of childhood environment, not advanced education.
3. A very small student population does not by itself, ensure a low faculty/student ratio.
4. Parental desires and preferences rarely determines a child's choice of a college or university.
5. Students must take advantage of the low faculty/student ratio by intentionally choosing small classes.

Answer : C

5. All German philosphers, except for Marx, are idealists.

From which of the following can the statement above be most properly inferred?

1. Except for Marx, if someone is an idealist philosopher, then he or she is German.
2. Marx is the only non-German philosopher who is an idealist.
3. If a German is an idealist, then he or she is a philosopher, as long as he or she is not Marx.
4. Marx is not an idealist German philosopher.
5. Aside from the philosopher Marx, if someone is a German, then he or she is an idealist.

Answer : E

6. Bill earns more commission than does Sandra. But since Andrew earns more commission than does Lisa, it follows that Bill earns more commission than does Lisa.

Any of the following, if introduced into the argument as an additional premise, makes the argument above logically correct EXCEPT:

1. Andrew earns more commission than Bill
2. Sandra earns more commission than Lisa
3. Sandra earns more commission than Andrew
4. Sandra and Andrew earn the same amount of commission
5. Bill and Andrew earn the same amount of commission

Answer : A

7. During the SARS days, about 23,500 doctors who had treated SARS sufferers died and about 23,670 doctors who had not engaged in treatment for SARS sufferers died. On the basis of those figures, it can be concluded that it was not much more dangerous toparticipate in SARS treatment during the SARS day than it was not to participate in SARS treatment.

Which of the following would reveal most clearly the absurdity of the conclusion drawn above?

1. Counting deaths among doctors who had participated in SARS treatment in addition to deaths among doctors who had not participated in SARS treatment
2. Expressing the difference between the numbers of deaths among doctors who had treated SARS sufferers and doctors who had not treated SARS suffers as a percentage of the total number of deaths
3. Separating deaths caused by accidents during the treatment to SARS suffers from deaths caused by infect of SARS suffers.
4. Comparing death rates per thousand members of each group rather than comparing total numbers of deaths
5. Comparing deaths caused by accidents in the United States to deaths caused by infect in treating SARS suffers.

Answer : D

8. In 2003 an airline in United State lost more than half, on average, of the foreign passengers they had previously served each year. Researchers have alleged that this extreme drop resulted from a rise in price of tickets for international lines from $60 to $90 per 1,000 miles.

Which of the following, if feasible, offers the best prospects for alleviating the problem of the drop in passengers as the researchers assessed it?

1. Cooperating with other airlines to provide more international lines.
2. Allowing foreign passengers to pay the same as the previous international line
3. Reemphasizing the goals and mission of the airline as serving both domestic passengers and foreign passengers
4. Increasing the financial resources of the airline by raising the ticket price for domestic passengers
5. Offering superior VIP service for foreign passengers.

Answer : B

9. Our work proves to be very successful. In the past three years, each of our five clients has experienced the fastest growth of sales in their history. Therefore, if your company wants to increase sales, do not hesitate to call Sigma & Max, since we are the solution.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously jeopardizes the validity of the argument by the speaker above?

1. Most of the consultants at Sigma & Max hold MBA degrees.
2. Even without the help of Sigma & Max, the five clients of Sigma & Max will achieve the same growth rate in sale.
3. Sigma & Max is one of the five leading management consulting companies.
4. Sigma & Max uses an updated accounting approach to help companies to cut cost.
5. All of the five clients of Sigma & Max are doing business in financial industry.

Answer : B

10. A life insurance company allows people to prepay their endowment insurance at current rates. The policyholder then pays the premium every year. People should participate in the program as a means of decreasing the cost for their living after retirement.

Which of the following, if true, is the most appropriate reason for people NOT to participate in the program?

1. Peoples are unsure about which insurance company they will choose after retirement.
2. The amount of money accumulated by putting the prepayment funds in an interest-bearing account today will be greater than the total cost of insurance when they retire.
3. The annual cost of premium is expected to increase at a faster rate than the annual increase in the cost of living.
4. Some of the insurance companies are contemplating large increases in premium next year.
5. The prepayment plan would not cover the cost of hospitalization.

Answer : B

Questions 11-12 are based on the following passage.

If highways were restricted to cars and only those truck with capacity of less than 8 tons, most the truck traffic would be forced to run outside highway. Such a reduction in the amount of truck traffic would reduce the risk of collision in highway.

11. The conclusion draw in the first sentence depends on which of the following assumptions?
1. The roads outside highway would be as convenient as highway for most drivers of truck.
2. Most roads outside highways are not ready to handle truck traffic.
3. Most trucks that are currently running in highway have a capacity of more than 8 tons.
4. Cars are at greater risk of becoming involved in collisions than are trucks.
5. A reduction in the risk of collision would eventually lead to increases in car traffic.

Answer : C

12. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn in the second sentence?
1. Cars with a capacity of more than 8 tons are already excluded outside highways.
2. Highways are experiencing overcrowded traffic primarily because of sharp increases in car traffic.
3. Many drivers of trucks would rather buy truck with a capacity of less than 8 tons than be excluded from highways.
4. The number of collisions that occur near highways has decreased in recent years.
5. Trucks that have a capacity of more than 8 tons cause a disproportionately large number of collisions in highways.

Answer : E

13. The price of purchasing a car in Country Q is 120 percent less than the price of purchasing a car in Country Y. Even after transportation fees and tariff charges are added, it is still cheaper for a buyer to import car from Country Q to Country Y than to buy car in Country Y.

The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions?

1. Gasoline prices in Country Q are 120 percent below those in Country Y.
2. Importing cars from Country Q to Country Y will eliminate 120 percent of the sales of cars in Country Y.
3. The tariff on a car imported from Country Q to Country Y is less than 120 percent of the price of a car in Country Y.
4. The fee for transporting a car from Country Q to Country Y is more than 120 percent of the price of a car in Country Q.
5. It takes 120 percent less time to transport a car in Country Q than it does in Country Y.

Answer : C

14. In 1992, 5 percent of every dollar paid in tax went to support the unemployed citizens. In 1998, 8 percent of every dollar paid in tax went to such funds, although that unemployment rate has decreased in 1998 than in 1992.

Each of the following, if true, could explain the simultaneous increase in percent of every dollar paid in tax to support the unemployed citizens and decrease in the number of unemployment rate EXCEPT:

1. On average, each unemployed citizen received more money in 1998 than 1992.
2. On average, people paid less tax in 1998 ‍than in 1992.
3. The individuals had paid more tax than did enterprises during this period.
4. Income before tax has significantly decreased since 1992.
5. The number of tax evaders rose sharply between 1992 and ‍1998.

Answer : C

15. Something must be done to stop spam. In early days, people seldom received unsolicited email advertisement; but now that numerous bulk email software and email address finders are developed to collect email address all around the world. Advertisers use email addresses to market their products and even sell such email lists to other advertisers. As a result, almost everyone ever get junk email, and sometime several and even tens of annoying emails a day. So, relevant anti-spam regulations should be framed to stop unsolicited advertising.

The two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

1. Background that the argument depends on and conclusion that can be drawn from the argument.
2. Part of evidence that the argument includes, and inference that can be drawn from this passage.
3. Pre-evidence that the argument depends on and part of evidence that supports the conclusion.
4. Background that argument depends on and part of evidence that supports the conclusion.
5. Pre-evidence that argument includes and a method that helps to supports that conclusion.

Answer : B

16. Stock analyst: "We believe Company A's stock will appreciate at 35% a year for the next 5 to 7 years. Company A just became the leader in its industry and we expect its sales to grow at 8% a year."

Commentator: "But how can the stock's price be expected to grow more quickly than the company's underlying sales?"

Which of the following facts would best support the stock analyst?

1. The company's expenses will be declining over the next 5 to 10 years.
2. The company just won a patent on a new product.
3. Company A's stock is currently overvalued by a significant amount.
4. The 5 to 7 year time frame is too long for anyone to accurately forecast.
5. Company A's industry peer group is expected to experience stock appreciation rates of 30% over the same time horizon.

Answer : A

17. Acme brand aspirin claims to be the best headache relief available on the market today. To prove this claim, Acme called 10 people and asked them their thoughts on headache relief products. All 10 of them stated that they unequivocally use Acme brandaspirin on a regular basis and that they believe it to be the best headache relief available on the market today.

Which of the following would most weaken this argument?

1. Acme brand aspirin is highly addictive.
2. The 10 people called were married to the company's top 10 executives, and they were coached on what to say.
3. Most people choose to suffer silently through their headaches and take no medicines whatsoever.
4. This survey was conducted by an independent company.
5. The 10 people were selected at random.

Answer : B

18. My neighbor's dogs bark and howl every time their owner lets them outside. My CPA told me that dogs tend to bark and howl when they see birds resting in the top branches of their favorite trees. I personally believe they bark and howl because they enjoy disrupting my meditations.

Which of the following can be inferred from the preceding passage?

1. The dogs must be abused by their owners.
2. The dogs' owners do not care how they are viewed by their neighbors.
3. There are many pedestrians who walk by this neighbor's house, and the dogs are starving for attention.
4. The dogs enjoy being outside.
5. The dogs will bark and howl at 3 a.m. if they are outside at that time.

Answer : D

19. Most citizens are very conscientious about observing a law when they can see the reason behind it. For instance, there has been very little need to actively enforce the recently-implemented law that increased the penalty for motorists caught leaving a gas station without paying for gas they had pumped into their vehicles. This is because citizens are very conscientious of the high cost of gasoline and they know that stealing gas will only further increase the price of gasoline for everyone.

Which of the following statements would the author of this passage be most likely to believe?

1. The increased penalty alone is a significant motivation for most citizens to obey the law.
2. There are still too many inconsiderate citizens in the local community.
3. High gasoline prices can be brought down if everyone does his or her part and pays for the gasoline they use at the pumps.
4. Society should make an effort to teach citizens the reasons for its laws. People would be more likely to speed on a stretch of deserted highway than to not pay for gasoline.

Answer : D

20. Nearly one in three subscribers to Financial Forecaster is a millionaire, and over half are in top management.
    Shouldn't you subscribe to Financial Forecaster now?

A reader who is neither a millionaire nor in top management would be most likely to act in accordance with the advertisement's suggestion if he or she drew which of the following questionable conclusions invited by the advertisement?

1. Among finance-related periodicals. Financial Forecaster provides the most detailed financial information.
2. Top managers cannot do their jobs properly without reading Financial Forecaster.
3. The advertisement is placed where those who will be likely to read it are millionaires.
4. The subscribers mentioned were helped to become millionaires or join top management by reading Financial Forecaster.
5. Only those who will in fact become millionaires, or at least top managers, will read the advertisement.

Answer : D

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