English Grammar Tense

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What is Tense?

tense (noun): a verb-based method used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action or state in relation to the time of speaking. ORIGIN Latin tempus "time"

In English Grammar Tense is used to refer to time of an action or event.

The concept of time (tense) can be differentiated into three categories.  

• past - before now
•  present - now, or any time that includes now
•  future - after now

And all of these tense are differentiated into the following four categories.

 Present Tense

·      Simple

·      Continuous

·      Perfect

·      Perfect Continuous

Simple Present Tense

Present indefinite tense denotes an action in the present time or habitual truth or eternal truth.

Subject + Main Verb + Object.

1.       I go to college.

2.       I read a lesson.

3.       I eat an apple.

4.       Raja sings a song.

5.       Sun rises in the east.

6.       Sun sets in the west.

7.       They jump.

8.       He opens the door.

9.       You run away.

10.    He runs away.

11.    He walks to the garden.

{Note - Subject third person singular number (he, she, it, কোন ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, জায়গা বা প্রাণীর নাম) বোঝালে verb এর শেষে s বা es বসে।}

Present Continuous Tense

Present continious tense is used when an action is continiued or going to be continued in near future.

Subject + be verb (number ও person অনুযায়ী বসবে) + verb + ing + object.

1.     I am speaking.

2.     Raju is eating.

3.     You are sleeping.

4.     They are watching T.V.

5.     We are playing food ball.

3. Present Perfect Tense Sentences.

1.     I have cut my nose.

2.     I have given money.

3.     I have a house

4.     We have brought.

5.     He has sent it.

6.     She has sunk.

7.     It has broken.

8.     They have taken.

{Note - I এর পর am বসবে। He, She, it এবং অন্যসব third person singular number এর পর is বসবে। We, you, they এবং Plural subject এর শেষে are বসে।}

Present Perfect Tense:

Present perfect tense is used when the work has been done but its effect lasts.

Subject + have/has + past participle + object.

I have eaten rice.

I have gone to school.

He has gone to school.

I have not eaten rice.

hey have done the work.

They have just played football.

Note - Subject third person singular number (he, she, it কোন ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, জায়গা বা প্রাণীর নাম) বোঝালে has বসবে । I, we, you, they এবং অন্যসব plural subject এর শেষে have বসবে।

4. Present Perfect continuous Tense .

The present perfect continuous tense is used for an action which began at some time in the past and is still

(Subject + has been/have been + main verb + ing + since/from/for + object.)

I have been giving money.

1.     I have been listening music.

2.     She has been reading.

3.     He has been running.

4.     They have been watching movie.

{Note - Subject third person singular number (he, she, it কোন ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, জায়গা বা প্রাণীর নাম) বোঝালে has been বসবে । I, we, you, they এবং অন্যসব plural subject এর শেষে have been বসবে।}

    Past Tense

·      Simple

·      Continuous

·      Perfect

·      Perfect Continuous

Simple Past Tense

Past Indefinite Tense is used to denote an action completed in the past or a past habit and result is not lasted.

Subject + past form of main verb + object.

1.     I went to college.

2.     I read a lesson.

3.     I ate an apple.

4.     Raja sang a song.

5.     I studied the lesson.

6.     He opened the door.

7.     You run away.

8.     Dog barked.

9.     I saw a book.

10.   He came from school.

11.    He said to Raja.

12.    I received a message.

13.    Raja danced beautifully.

14    They worked hard.

15.   You caught.

{Note - Past indefinite tense যুক্ত কোন sentence এ যদি main verb না থাকে তাহলে সেখানে be verb ই main verb হিসেবে ব্যাবহার হবে।}

2. Past Continuous Tense.

Past continuous tense is used when the action was continued for some time in the past.

Subject + was/were + main verb + ing + object.

1.     I was speaking

2.     Raju was sending.

3.     You were teaching.

4.     They were coming.

5.     We were dancing.

6.     He was thinking.

{Note - subject first person and third person singular number হলে was বসবে। we, you, they এবং অন্যান্য plural number এর শেষে were বসবে।}

3. Past Perfect Tense.

Past perfect tense is used in the former action between two completed actions of the past; simple past is used in the later action.

1st subject + had + verb এর past participle + 2nd subject + verb এর past form +2nd object.

1.           The sun had set.

2.       The show had begun.

3.       I had cut my hair.

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

Past perfect continuous tense is used for an action that begun before a certain point in the past and continued up to that time.

1st subject + had been + main verb + ing + 1st object + 2nd subject + verb এর past form + 2nd object.

1.     I had been eating.

2.     I had been listening.

3.     She had been running.

4.     They had been reading.

5.     You had been jumping.

    Future Tense

·      Simple

·      Continuous

·      Perfect

·      Perfect Continuous

1. Simple Future Tense

Future indefinite tense is used when an action will be done

Subject + shall/will + verb + object

1.     I shall go to college.

2.     I shall study tomorrow.

3.     We shall come.

4.     You will run.

5.     He will open.

6.     She will sing.

7.     We shall eat.

8.     It will come.

9.     Raju will sing.

10. Raja sill come.

Note - সাধারনত 1st person এর পর shall বসে। এছাড়া অন্য সব ক্ষেত্রে will বসালেও চলবে।

2. Future Continuous Tense .

Future continuous tense is used when an action is thought to be going on in the future

Structure:

Subject + shall be/will be + main verb + ing + object.

1.     He will be eating.

2.     I shall be going.

3.     They will be dancing.

4.     They will be going.

5.     Raja will be acting.

6.     We shall be singing.

7.     Rose will be winning the race.

3. Future Perfect Tense.

Future perfect tense is used to indicate the completion of an action by a certain time in the future.

1st subject + shall have/will have + verb এর past participle + 1st object + before + 2nd subject + main verb + 2nd object.

1.     I shall have eaten tomorrow.

2.     I shall have written my exercise.

3.     They will have broken the car.

4.     We will have known.

5.     We shall have gone tomorrow.

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense.

Future perfect tense is used when an action will have been continuing by a certain future time.

Subject – 1st subject + shall have been/will have been + main verb + ing + 1st object + 2nd subject + main verb + 2nd object.

1.     I shall have been eating.

2.     Raju will have been reading.

3.     Raja will have been studying.

4.     They will have been writing.

5.     Raja will have been doing.

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